[74] T. Moucha, V. Linek, K. Erokhin, J. F. Rejl, and M. Fujasová, “Improved power

and mass transfer correlations for design and scale-up of multi-impeller gas–liquid

contactors,” Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 598–604, 2009.

[75] R. Gelves, A. Dietrich, and R. Takors, “Modeling of gas–liquid mass transfer in a

stirred tank bioreactor agitated by a Rushton turbine or a new pitched blade im-

peller,” Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng., vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 365–375, 2014.

[76] T. Frensing, A. Pflugmacher, M. Bachmann, B. Peschel, and U. Reichl, “Impact of

defective interfering particles on virus replication and antiviral host response in cell

culture-based influenza vaccine production,” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 98,

no. 21, pp. 8999–9008, 2014.

[77] B. Hundt, C. Best, N. Schlawin, H. Kassner, Y. Genzel, and U. Reichl,

“Establishment of a mink enteritis vaccine production process in stirred-tank reactor

and Wave Bioreactor microcarrier culture in 1-10 L scale,” (in eng), Vaccine,

vol. 25, no. 20, pp. 3987–3995, May 16 2007.

[78] H. S. Lim, K. H. Chang, and J. H. Kim, “Effect of oxygen partial pressure on

production of animal virus (VSV),” (in eng), Cytotechnology, vol. 31, no. 3,

pp. 265–270, 1999.

[79] L. Pelz et al., “Semi-continuous propagation of influenza A virus and its defective

interfering particles: analyzing the dynamic competition to select candidates for

antiviral therapy,” (in eng), J. Virol., vol. 95, no. 24, p. e0117421, 2021.

[80] C. F. Shen and A. Kamen, “Hyperosmotic pressure on HEK 293 cells during the

growth phase, but not the production phase, improves adenovirus production,”

(in eng), J Biotechnol., vol. 157, no. 1, pp. 228–236, Jan. 2012.

[81] Z. Sun, R. Zhou, S. Liang, K. M. McNeeley, and S. T. Sharfstein, “Hyperosmotic

stress in murine hybridoma cells: effects on antibody transcription, translation,

posttranslational processing, and the cell cycle,” Biotechnol. Prog., vol. 20, no. 2,

pp. 576–589, 2004.

[82] T. R. Kiehl, D. Shen, S. F. Khattak, Z. Jian Li, and S. T. Sharfstein, “Observations

of cell size dynamics under osmotic stress,” (in eng), Cytometry. Part A: J. Int. Soc.

Anal. Cytol., vol. 79, no. 7, pp. 560–569, Jul. 2011.

[83] D. Vazquez-Ramirez, Y. Genzel, I. Jordan, V. Sandig, and U. Reichl, “High-cell-

density cultivations to increase MVA virus production,” Vaccine, vol. 36, no. 22,

pp. 3124–3133, May 2018.

[84] T. Frensing, S. Y. Kupke, M. Bachmann, S. Fritzsche, L. E. Gallo-Ramirez, and U.

Reichl, “Influenza virus intracellular replication dynamics, release kinetics, and

particle morphology during propagation in MDCK cells,” (in eng), Appl. Microbiol.

Biotechnol., vol. 100, no. 16, pp. 7181–7192, Aug. 2016.

[85] G. K. Atkin-Smith and I. K. H. Poon, “Disassembly of the dying: mechanisms and

functions,” Trends Cell Biol., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 151–162, 2017.

[86] N. W. Baylor, “The Regulatory Evaluation of Vaccines for Human Use,” in Vaccine

Design: Springer, 2016, pp. 773–787.

[87] D. Chiodin, E. M. Cox, A. V. Edmund, E. Kratz, and S. H. Lockwood, “Regulatory

Affairs 101: introduction to Investigational New Drug Applications and Clinical

Trial Applications,” Clin. Transl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 334–342, 2019.

[88] R. Wahid, R. Holt, R. Hjorth, and F. B. Scorza, “Chemistry, manufacturing and

control (CMC) and clinical trial technical support for influenza vaccine manu-

facturers,” Vaccine, vol. 34, no. 45, pp. 5430–5435, 2016.

[89] FDA, “Guidance for Industry: Content and Format of Chemistry,” in Manufacturing

and Controls Information and Establishment Description Information for a Vaccine

or related product, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug

Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1999.

132

Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines